Motor Development Quiz 2:
Fundamental and Specialized Motor Skills

1. A "fundamental movement" is one that:
A.Is specific to children only
B.Is an organized series of basic elements of a particular movement pattern
C.Emphasizes form, precision, and accuracy
D.Emphasizes individual style and personal peculiarities in performance
E.Combines a series of movements into complex sport skills
2. The basic elements of a fundamental movement pattern:
A.Vary from person to person
B.Are essentially the same for all people
C.Are uninfluenced by experience
D.Are uninfluenced by maturation
E.Are genetically determined
3. When teaching children, one must remember:
A.Teach at the slowest child's pace
B.Teach at an accelerated rate to challenge the most gifted
C.Teach at an average rate to catch most children's range
D.Each child is individually distinct, therefore accommodating for individual differences is essential to real learning
E.Boys are taller, heavier, and smarter than girls
4. When classifying movement by function, the three functional categories are:
A.Locomotion, manipulation, stability
B.Throwing, walking, jumping
C.Walking, running, jumping
D.Catching, throwing, striking
E.Initial, elementary, mature
5. Children have the developmental potential to be at the mature stage of most fundamental locomotor movement skills by what age?
A.4
B.6
C.10
D.12
E.16
6. Of the following, which is not an example of a fundamental movement?
A.Throwing for accuracy
B.Leaping for distance
C.Catching a ball
D.Kicking a ball
E.Trapping a ball
7. If a young child is at the initial stage of throwing, but at the mature stage of walking, the difference is said to be a:
A.Between-child difference
B.Between-pattern difference
C.Within-pattern difference
D.Among-child differences
E.Motor retardation
8. When assessing the qualitative aspects of one's motor performance we are said to be focusing on the _____of movement:
A.Product
B.Outcome
C.Process
D.Results
E.Neuromotor qualities
9. Of the following, which is an example of an axial movement?
A.Walking
B.Standing
C.Balancing on one foot
D.Doing a forward roll
E.Catching
10. At the specialized movement phase of motor development greater emphasis is placed on:
A.Accuracy of movement
B.Force production in movement
C.Control of movement
D.Precision of movement
E.All of the above are correct
11. After the mature stage in the fundamental movement phase has been attained:
A.Little change occurs in terms of mechanics during the specialized movement phase
B.Little change occurs in terms of precision of movement during the specialized movement phase
C.Little change occurs in terms of movement control during the specialized movement phase
D.Little change occurs in terms of accuracy during the specialized movement phase
E.All of the above are correct
12. We can expect to see improved performance scores in most fundamental movement tasks from year to year primarily because of:
A.Increases in physical fitness
B.Increases in motor fitness
C.Learning and practice factors
D.Both a and c are correct
E.Both b and c are correct
13. Which of the following is (are) characteristic of the initial stage?
A.Improper sequence
B.Exaggerated movement
C.Inhibited movement
D.All of the above are correct
E.Only a and b are correct
14. When looking for a reason or reasons why one passes through stages within the fundamental movement phase we may point to:
A.Neurological factors
B.Perceptual factors
C.Physical maturation factors
D.Experiential factors
E.All of the above are correct
15. Movements of the trunk or limbs that orient the body while it remains in a stationary position are called:
A.Locomotion
B.Postures
C.Axial movements
D.Propulsive movements
E.None of the above are correct
16. All of the following are axial movements except:
A.Reaching
B.Swinging
C.Stretching
D.Twisting
E.Striking
17. When viewing fundamental movement abilities, which of the following categories of movement should we expect to see develop somewhat later than the other two by virtue of their unique perceptual requirements?
A.Locomotor abilities
B.Stability abilities
C.Manipulative abilities
D.None of the above is correct
E.Both a and c are correct
18. Examples of "axial" movements are:
A.Dodging, landing, balancing
B.Twisting, turning, bending
C.Tripod, tip up, headstand
D.Rolling, dodging, headstand
E.Axe handling, axe throwing, axe sharpening
19. At the initial stage in many fundamental stability movements the eyes:
A.Are closed
B.Are not used to any degree
C.Are reflexively closed
D.Visually monitor the body
E.Are used much the same as in the mature stage
20. _____ is the most fundamental aspect of movement:
A.Stability
B.Balance
C.Proprioception
D.Kinesthesia
E.Sitting
21. The typical sequence of emergence of fundamental locomotor skills in the child is:
A.Walking, running, galloping, jumping
B.Walking, skipping, running, hopping
C.Walking, running, hopping, skipping
D.Running, jumping, skipping, hopping
E.Running, skipping, hopping, jumping
22. The movements of running and leaping are similar. Which of the following represents a difference between these two movements?
A.A leap has a longer loss of contact with surface
B.A leap has a greater elevation
C.A leap covers a greater distance
D.A leap requires a greater force
E.All of the above are differences
23. Jumping is to locomotion as dodging is to _______:
A.Locomotion
B.Manipulation
C.Stability
D.None of the above is correct
E.Sport skill
24. The approximate age of onset of controlled reaching, grasping, and releasing is:
A.3-5 months
B.6-8 months
C.8-10 months
D.12-14 months
E.14-18 months
25. The underhand catch is used when:
A.Catching a ball that is tossed underhand
B.Catching a ball above the head
C.Catching a ball below the shoulder
D.Throwing a ball for distance
E.Catching a ball below the waist
26. A typical characteristic of the initial stage of several fundamental locomotor movements is:
A.The inability of the individual to become airborne
B.The inability to keep the eyes open throughout the task
C.Little interest in trying the activity
D.Arm opposition
E.Perceptual inadequacies
27. Which of the following is not part of the initial stage in the developmental sequence for running?
A.Short, limited leg swing
B.Limited but observable flight phase
C.Stiff, uneven stride
D.Arms tend to swing outward horizontally
E.Wide base of support
28. Except for sustained loss of contact with the surface, leaping is similar to which of the following locomotor skills?
A.Galloping
B.Walking
C.Running
D.Hopping
E.Jumping
29. Balance, flexibility, and axial movement are to stability movement patterns as propulsive and absorptive movements are to:
A.Locomotive movement patterns
B.Manipulative movement patterns
C.Rudimentary movement patterns
D.Fundamental movements
E.Specialized movement patterns
30. Of the following, which is an example of an absorptive manipulative movement?
A.Throwing
B.Kicking
C.Trapping
D.Striking
E.Rolling
31. The performance of manipulative tasks requires the sophisticated use of ______ thereby causing these tasks to often lag behind locomotor tasks in terms of their rate of development:
A.Footwork
B.Visual perceptual abilities
C.Auditory perceptual abilities
D.Olfactory perceptual abilities
E.All of the above are correct
32. A movement that involves activities in which the body or a body part is positioned in the path of a moving object of the purpose of stopping or deflecting the object is known as _____:
A.Propulsive
B.Manipulative
C.Dynamic
D.Static
E.Absorptive
33. In running, the flight phase is first seen around what time period?
A.3 months
B.6 months
C.12 months
D.18 months
E.24 months
34. The primary difference between galloping and sliding is:
A.Only one has a flight phase
B.One is a forward movement the other a backward movement
C.One is a forward movement the other as sideward movement
D.One is up and down the other is back and forth
E.One is a static motion the other is a dynamic motion
35. What fundamental movements involve giving force to objects and/or receiving force from them?
A.Manipulative movements
B.Locomotion movements
C.Axial movements
D.Striking movements
E.Throwing movements
36. Of the following, which is not part of the elementary stage in the developmental sequence of ball rolling?
A.Straddle stance
B.Ball is held with one hand on the bottom and the other on top
C.Backward arm swing without weight transfer to the rear
D.Limited knee bend
E.Forward swing with limited follow through
37. Performance scores in adolescents tend to improve with an increase in:
A.Endurance
B.Reaction time
C.Coordination
D.Speed of movement
E.All of the above are correct
38. By age _______ most children have the potential to perform at the mature stage of most fundamental locomotor and stability movement patterns:
A.4-5
B.5-6
C.6-7
D.7-8
E.8-9
39. Progression from one stage to another within the specialized movement phase is dependent upon:
A.Neuromuscular factors
B.Cognitive factors
C.Affective factors
D.All of the above are correct
E.Only a and b are correct
40. Specialized movement skills:
A.Are unrelated to fundamental movement skills
B.Are maturationally based
C.Are little influenced by practice
D.Are a combination and elaboration of fundamental movement skills
E.Develop independently of one's ecological context for skill learning
41. A specialized movement skill is:
A.The same as a fundamental movement pattern
B.A fundamental movement pattern adapted for the specific requirement of a sport, recreational and/or daily living
C.Little influenced by practice
D.Age dependent
E.A splinter skill
42. Failure to develop mature patterns of movement during childhood will:
A.Be of little consequence
B.Be impossible to make up later on
C.Result in a “proficiency barrier”
D.All of the above are correct
E.Only b and c are correct
43. Many adolescents lag in their movement capabilities resulting from:
A.Insufficient neurological development
B.Limited opportunities for regular practice
C.Poor or absent instruction
D.Only b and c are correct
E.All of the above are correct
44. Specialized movement skills are mature fundamental movements that have been adapted to the specific requirements of:
A.Sport participation
B.Recreational activities
C.Daily living tasks
D.Only a and b are correct
E.All of the above are correct